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Stem cells are Pluripotent cells that give raise all kind of cells. This concept is being used in regenerative medicine for treating many diseases such as spinal cord injury, liver diseases, cardiac diseases etc., However the choice of source and nature of stem cells used, is critical in clinical therapy.

Stem cells are divided into two major types- Embryonic and adult stem cells. Pluripotent Embryonic stem cells have ethical problems as it is derived from early embryo and cause teratoma. Multipotent Adult stem cells are derived from Bone marrow, Adipose tissue; Dental pulp etc., When used autologous, there is no ethical and immunogenic problem due to adult stem cells.

Dental stem cells- one among the types of stem cells, have reached a promising role in the field of regenerative medicine within a short span of time period. Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSC) was first discovered by Dr. Songtao Shi in 2003.

Recent studies show that multipotent stem cells can be isolated from post natal human dental pulp (Dental pulp stem cells-DPSCs) which is from permanent teeth and SHED (stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth).(1)These Multipotent adult stem cells  are similar to Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and express similar phenotypic and genotypic markers.(2)

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are multipotent stem cells that can give raise to Neuronal cells, Chondrocytes, Cardiomycetes, Oesteocytes and adipocytes(3). MSCs derived from Dental stem cells are not only used for teeth regeneration but also as an alternate modality for Neural (4), cardiac, liver, bone regeneration. Animal studies using DPSCs started in 2007 for bone regeneration (5,6), heart therapies, muscular dystrophy, and brain tissue regeneration.

Younger the age- more proliferative will be the stem cells isolated. The optimal tooth would be the one with good blood flow and devoid of pathologies.

The isolation of stem cells from SHED is minimally invasive, readily accessible and non immunogenic, if used for the same donor in future. As every child loose primary teeth during their childhood days, it can be cryopreserved and used as a potent source of stem cells, if required. Dental pulp stem cells can be isolated from exfoliated tooth at younger age, wisdom tooth or even from a permanent tooth (5, 7).

Proper Oral care with DPSC cryopreservation could be life saving!!!
Miles and miles...let DENSCELL preserves your smiles

Reference

(1) Petrovic V, Stefanovic V. Dental tissue--new source for stem cells. ScientificWorldJournal. 2009; 9:1167-77.

(2) Shi S, Robey PG, Gronthos S. Comparison of human dental pulp and bone marrow stromal stem cells by cDNA microarray analysis. Bone. 2001; 29(6):532-9.

(3) Huang GT, Gronthos S, Shi S. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental tissues vs. those from other sources: their biology and role in regenerative medicine. J Dent Res. 2009 ; 88(9):792-806.

(4) Nosrat IV, Widenfalk J, Olson L, Nosrat CA. Dental pulp cells produce neurotrophic factors, interact with trigeminal neurons  in vitro, and rescue motoneurons after spinal cord injury. Dev Biol. 2001; 238(1):120-32.

(5) Gronthos S, Mankani M, Brahim J, Robey PG, Shi S. Postnatal human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in vitro and in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2000; 97(25):13625-30.

(6) Uchiyama M, Nakamichi Y, Nakamura M, Kinugawa S, Yamada H, Udagawa N, Miyazawa H. Dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells support osteoclastic differentiation. J Dent Res. 2009;88(7):609-14.

(7)Woods EJ, Perry BC, Hockema JJ, Larson L, Zhou D, Goebel WS. Optimized cryopreservation method for human dental pulp-derived stem cells and their tissues of origin for banking and clinical use. Cryobiology. 2009; 59(2):150-7.